Lawrence A. Lacey

Adjunct Faculty

Education

• Ph.D. (1978), Medical Entomology, Insect Pathology
• M.S. (1975), Medical Entomology, University of California, Riverside
• B.A. (1973), Biology, California State University, Turlock, California

Recognition
Dr. Lacey was made a Fellow of the Entomological Society of America at the November 2008 meeting held in Reno, NV.

Areas of Interest

Current Studies: Research on pathogens of fruit tree and potato pest insects. Emphasis on pathogens of codling moth (Cydia pomonella), leafrollers, potato psyllid (Paratrioza cockerelli) and wireworms (Limnonius canus). Pathogen groups include nematodes (Steinernema spp. and Heterorhabditis spp.), virus (granulovirus and nucleopolyhedroviruses), bacteria (Bacillus thuringiensis) and several Hypocreales fungi. Research emphasis on formulation and environmental factors that enhance or limit pathogen virulence and effectiveness.

Previous experience

European Biological Control Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Montpellier, France (Oct. 1991- Sept. 1996). Conducted foreign exploration for pathogens and parasites of insect pests that have been introduced into the U.S. Studied effects of pathogen strain, host biotype and environmental factors on epizootiology, efficacy and persistence of candidate pathogens. Target insects included: Bemisia tabaci s.l., Diuraphis noxia, Cydia pomonella and Lymantria dispar. Exploration experience in Europe, Middle East, throughout Asia and South America. Continued involvement with the Japanese Beetle Control Program, Terceira, Azores, Portugal, which included foreign exploration, research and advisory activities. Also served as adjunct professor at the Ecole Nationale Superior D’Agriculture, Montpellier (ENSAM).

Japanese Beetle Control Program, Terceira, Azores, Portugal, USDA, ARS (Sept. 1989- Oct 1991). Planned, implemented and coordinated the biological control component of the Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) control effort on Terceira. Conducted operational research on the efficacy and feasibility of several pathogens (bacteria, fungi, protozoa, virus) and parasites (nematodes, insects) of the Japanese beetle for use in the control program. Was responsible for lab construction and outfitting and development of cottage production of pathogens and parasites for on-going use in the program.

Vector Biologist, Vector Biology & Control Project (a USAID contract), Medical Services Corporation International, Arlington, VA. (Feb. 1986 – Sept. 1989). Assessed type and level of technical assistance to USAID Mission programs involving management of vector-borne disease. Planned and implemented practically-oriented research, technical assistance and training aimed at operational improvement of such programs. Was co-responsible for technical content of computer-based information systems. Prepared resource and strategy documents on management of vector borne disease. Was responsible for VBC seminar series. Field experience with VBC included work in Western and Southeast Asia, Central and South America, Oceania and the Caribbean Basin.

Research Entomologist/Insect Pathologist, Insects Affecting Man and Animals Research Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Gainesville, Florida (March 1981-Feb. 1986). Formulation and evaluation of microbial control agents of Simuliidae and Culicidae; isolation and propagation of naturally occurring pathogens of Diptera; studies of factors affecting efficacy and occurrence of pathogens of medically important Diptera; management of IAMARL seminar series. Cooperative research was conducted on entomopathogens of vector insects in Malaysia and Brazil.

Consultant, World Health Organization, Onchocerciasis Control Programme, Volta Basin, West Africa (July – Nov. 1980). Evaluations of alternative larvicides; studies on resistance of Simulium damnosum s.l. to temephos; planning of insecticide evaluation laboratory.

Assistant Professor, Ciências Médicas, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil (Feb. 1978-Apr. 1980). Behavior and ecology of Simuliidae; medical importance of bats, their parasites and distribution in Amazônia; microbial control of mosquito larvae; instruction and counseling of students in entomology post graduate program.

Publications

Peer Reviewed Publications, 2001-2009
Lacey, L. A., R. Frutos, H. K. Kaya and P. Vail. 2001.  Insect pathogens as biological control agents: Do they have a future?  Biol. Control 21: 230-248.

Lacey, L. A., J. S. Rosa, N. O. Simões, J. J. Amaral, and H. K. Kaya.  2001.  Comparative dispersal and larvicidal activity ofexotic and Azorean isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes against Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Euro. J. Entomol. 98: 439-444.

Mesquita, A. L. M. and L. A. Lacey.  2001. Interactions among the entomopathogenic fungus, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes), the parasitoid, Aphelinus asychis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and their aphid host. Biol. Control 22: 51-59.

Siegel, J. P., L. A. Lacey, and C. R. Vossbrinck.  2001.  Impact of a North American isolate of the microsporidium Nosema carpocapsae on a laboratory population of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella.  J. Invertebr. Pathol. 78: 244-250.

Unruh, T. R. and L. A. Lacey.  2001. Control of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with Steinernema carpocapsae: effects of supplemental wetting and pupation site on infection rate.  Biol. Control 20: 48-56.

Lacey, L. A., P. V. Vail, and D. F. Hoffmann.  2002. Comparative activity of baculoviruses against the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, and three other tortricid pests of tree fruit. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 80: 64-68.

Lacey, L. A. and D I. Shapiro-Ilan. 2003. The potential role for microbial control of orchard insect pests in sustainable agriculture.  J. Food Agric. Environ. 1: 326-331.

Lacey, L. A., T. R. Unruh and H. L. Headrick.  2003. Interactions of two idiobiont parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae). J. Invertebr. Pathol. 83: 230-239.

Yee, W. L. and L. A. Lacey.  2003.  Stage-specific mortality of Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera: Tephritidae) exposed to three species of Steinernema Nematodes.  Biol. Control 27: 349-356.

Arthurs, S. P. and L. A. Lacey.  2004. Field evaluation of commercial formulations of the codling moth granulovirus (CpGV): persistence of activity and success of seasonal applications against natural infestations in the Pacific Northwest.  Biol. Control 31: 388-397.

Lacey, L. A., S. P. Arthurs, A. Knight, K. Becker, and H. Headrick. 2004. Efficacy of codling moth granulovirus: effect of adjuvants on persistence of activity and comparison with other larvicides in a Pacific Northwest apple orchard. J. Entomol. Sci. 39: 500-513.

Pfannenstiel, R. S., M. Szymanski, L. A. Lacey, J. F. Brunner and K. Spence. 2004. Discovery of a granulovirus of Pandemis pyrusana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a leafroller pest of apples in Washington.  J. Invertebr. Pathol. 86: 124-127.

Siegel, J., L. A. Lacey, R. Fritts, Jr. , B. S. Higbee, and P. Noble.  2004. Use of Steinernematid nematodes for post harvest control of navel orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Amyelois transitella) in fallen pistachios. Biol. Control 30: 410-417.

Alston, D. G., D. E. N. Rangel, L. A. Lacey, H. G. Golez, J. J. Kim, and D.W. Roberts.  2005. Evaluation of novel fungus and nematode isolates for control of Conotrachelus nenuphar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae. Biol. Control 35: 163–171.

Arthurs, S., L. A. Lacey, and R. Fritts, Jr. 2005. Optimizing the use of the codling moth granulovirus: effects of application rate and spraying frequency on control of codling moth larvae in Pacific Northwest apple orchards. J. Econ. Entomol. 98: 1459-1468.

Lacey, L. A., and S. P. Arthurs. 2005. New method for testing solar sensitivity of commercial formulations of the granulovirus of codling moth (Cydia pomonella, Tortricidae: Lepidoptera). J. Invertebr. Pathol. 90: 85-90.

Lacey, L. A. and T. R. Unruh. 2005. Biological control of codling moth (Cydia pomonella, Tortricidae: Lepidoptera) and its role in Integrated Pest Management, with emphasis on entomopathogens. Vidalia 12: 33-60.

Lacey, L. A., S. P. Arthursand H. Headrick. 2005. Comparative activity of the codling moth granulovirus against Grapholita molesta and Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). J. Entomol. Soc. Brit. Columbia 102: 79-80.

Lacey, L. A., L. G. Neven, H. L. Headrick, and R. Fritts, Jr.  2005. Factors affecting entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae) for the control of overwintering codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in fruit bins. J. Econ. Entomol. 98: 1863-1869.

Shapiro-Ilan, D. I., J. R. Fuxa, L. A. Lacey, D. W. Onstad and H. K. Kaya.  2005. Definitions of pathogenecity and virulence in invertebrate pathology. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 88: 1-7.

Yee, W. L. and L. A. Lacey.  2005. Mortality of different life stages of Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera: Tephritidae) exposed to the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae. J. Entomol. Sci. 40: 167-177.

Arthurs, S. P., L. A. Lacey, and R.W. Behle. 2006. Evaluation of spray-dried lignin-based formulations and adjuvants as ultraviolet light protectants for the granulovirus of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L). J. Invertebr. Pathol. 93: 88–95.

Georgis, R., A. M. Koppenhöfer, L. A. Lacey, G. Bélair, L.W. Duncan, P. S. Grewal, M. Samish, L. Tan, P. Torr and R.W.H.M. van Tol. 2006. Successes and failures in the use of parasitic nematodes for pest control. Biol. Control 38: 103-123.

Lacey, L. A. and L. G. Neven. 2006. The potential of the fungus, Muscodor albus as a microbial control agent of potato tuber moth (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in stored potatoes. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 91: 195-198.

Lacey, L. A., S. P. Arthurs, T..R. Unruh, H. Headrick and R. Fritts, Jr. 2006. Entomopathogenic nematodes for control of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apple and pear orchards: effect of nematode species and seasonal temperatures, adjuvants, application equipment and post-application irrigation. Biol. Control 37: 214–223.

Lacey, L. A., D. Granatstein, S. P. Arthurs, H. Headrick and R. Fritts, Jr. 2006. Use of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae) in conjunction with mulches for control of overwintering codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). J. Entomol. Sci. 41: 107-119.

Riga, K., L. A. Lacey, N. Guerra, and H. L. Headrick. 2006. Control of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta, using entomopathogenic nematodes in laboratory and bin assays. J. Nematol. 38: 168-171.

Siegel, J., L. A. Lacey, B. S. Higbee, P. Noble and R. Fritts, Jr. 2006. Effect of application rates and abiotic factors on Steinernema carpocapsae for control of overwintering navel orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Amyelois transitella) in fallen pistachios. Biol. Control 36: 324-330.

Arthurs, S.P., R. Hilton, A.L. Knight and L. A. Lacey. 2007. Evaluation of the pear ester kairomone as a formulation additive for the granulovirus of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Leppidoptera: Tortricidae) in pome fruit. J. Econ. Entomol . 100: 702-709.

Arthurs, S. P., L. A. Lacey and E. R. Miliczky. 2007. Evaluation of the codling moth granulovirus and spinosad for codling moth control and impact on non-target species in pear orchards. Biol. Control 49: 99-109.

Dolinski, C. and L. A. Lacey. 2007. Microbial control of arthropod pests of tropical tree fruit. Neotropic. Entomol. 36: 161-179.

Lacey, L. A., T. R. Unruh, H. Simkins, and K. Thomsen-Archer. 2007. Gut bacteria associated with the Pacific coast wireworm, Limonius canus, inferred from 16s rDNA sequences and their implications for control. Phytoparasitica 35: 479-489.

Arthurs, S. P., L. A. Lacey and R. W. Behle. 2008. Formulation for improved activity of codling moth granulovirus: evaluation of environmental/UV protectants. Biocontrol Science and Technology. 18: 639-663.

Arthurs, S. P., L. A.Lacey and F. de la Rosa. 2008. Evaluation of a granulovirus (PoGV) and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki for control of the potato tuberwormin stored tubers. J. Econ. Entomol. 101: 1540-1546.

Arthurs, S. P., L. A. Lacey, J. N. Pruneda and S. Rondon. 2008. Semi-field evaluation of a granulovirus and Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki for season-long control of the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 129: 276–285.

Hansen, J.D., R. Carlton, S. Adams, L.A. Lacey.  2008. Infrared detection of internal feeders of deciduous tree fruits.  J. Entomol. Sci. 43: 52-56.

Lacey, L. A., H. L. Headrick and S. P. Arthurs. 2008. The effect of temperature on the long-term storage of codling moth granulovirus formulations. J. Econ. Entomol. 101: 288-294.

Lacey, L. A., D. R. Horton, and D. C. Jones. 2008. The effect of temperature and duration of exposure of potato tuber moth (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in infested tubers to the biofumigant fungus Muscodor albus. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 97: 159-164.

Lacey, L. A. and D. I. Shapiro-Ilan. 2008. Microbial Control of Insect Pests in Temperate Orchard Systems : Potential for Incorporation into IPM. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 53: 121-144.

Lacey, L.A., D. Thomson, C. Vincent, and S.P. Arthurs. 2008. Codling Moth Granulovirus: a comprehensive review. Biocontrol Sci. Technol. 1-25.

Riga, K. L. A. Lacey, and N. Guerra. 2008. The potential of the endophytic fungus, Muscodor albus, as a biocontrol agent against economically important plant parasitic nematodes of vegetable crops in Washington State. Biol. Control 45: 380-385.

Lacey L. A., D. R. Horton, D. C. Jones, H. L. Headrick, and L. G. Neven. 2009. Efficacy of the Biofumigant Fungus Muscodor albus (Ascomycota: Xylariales) for Control of Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Simulated Storage Conditions. J. Econ. Entomol. 102:43-49.

Ramirez, R. A. II, , D. R. Henderson, E. Riga, L. A. Lacey, and W. E. Snyder. 2009. Harmful effects of mustard green manures on entomopathogenic nematodes. Biol. Control. 48: 147-154

Other publications
Kaya, H. K. and L. A. Lacey.  2007.  Introduction to microbial control. In “Field Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology: Application and evaluation of pathogens for control of insects and other invertebrate pests, 2nd ed.” (L.A. Lacey and H. K. Kaya, eds.), pp. 3-7. Springer Scientific Publishers, Dordrecht.

Lacey, L. A. 2007. Bacillus thuringiensis serovariety israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus for mosquito control. “Biorational Control of Mosquitoes” (T. G. Floore, ed.)  pp. 133-163. Bull. 7 Amer. Mosq. Control Assoc.

Lacey, L. A., S.P. Arthurs, A. Knight, and J. Huber.  2007.  Microbial control of lepidopteran pests of apple orchards. In “Field Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology: Application and evaluation of pathogens for control of insects and other invertebrate pests, 2nd ed.” (L.A. Lacey and H. K. Kaya, eds.) pp. 527-546. Springer, Dordrecht.

Lacey, L. A. and H. K. Kaya (eds.).  2007. “Field Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology: Application and evaluation of pathogens for control of insects and other invertebrate pests, 2nd edition.” Springer, Dordrecht.

Shapiro-Ilan, D. I., L. A. Lacey, and J. P. Siegel. 2007. Microbial Control of Insect Pests of Stone Fruit and Nut Crops. In “Field Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology: Application and evaluation of pathogens for control of insects and other invertebrate pests, 2nd ed.” (L.A. Lacey and H. K. Kaya, eds.) pp. 547-565. Springer, Dordrecht.

Skovmand, O., J. Kerwin and L. A. Lacey.  2007. Microbial control of mosquitoes and black flies.  In “Field Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology: Application and evaluation of pathogens for control of insects and other invertebrate pests, 2nd ed.” (L.A. Lacey and H. K. Kaya, eds.) pp. 735-750. Springer, Dordrecht.

Vega, F.E., P.F. Dowd, L. A. Lacey, J. K. Pell, D. M. Jackson, and M. G. Klein. 2007.  Dissemination of Beneficial Microbial Agents by Insects. In “Field Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology: Application and evaluation of pathogens for control of insects and other invertebrate pests, 2nd ed.” (L.A. Lacey and H. K. Kaya, eds.) pp. 127-146. Springer, Dordrecht.

Wraight, S. P., M. Sporleder, T. J. Poprawski, and L. A. Lacey. 2007. Application and evaluation of entomopathogens in potato. In “Field Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology: Application and evaluation of pathogens for control of insects and other invertebrate pests, 2nd ed.” (L.A. Lacey and H. K. Kaya, eds.) pp. 329-359. Springer, Dordrecht.

Kirk, A. A., L. A. Lacey and J. Goolsby. 2008. Foreign exploration for insect natural enemies of Bemisia for use in biological control in the USA, a successful program. In:“Classical Biological Control of Bemisia tabaci in the USA: A Review of Interagency Research and Implementation” (J. K. Gould, K. Hoelmer and J. Goolsby (eds.), Vol. 4 “Progress in Biological Control” (H. Hokkanen, series editor)pp. 17-31.Springer, Dordrecht.

Lacey, L. A. 2008. Resistance in Cydia pomonella to the Codling Moth Granulovirus in Europe: Could it Happen Here? Proc. West. Orch. Pest  Dis. Manag. Conf. Portland, OR, January 9-11, 2008. pp. 21-22.

Lacey, L. A., S. P. Wraight and A. A. Kirk.  2008. Entomopathogenic fungi for control of Bemisia spp.: foreign exploration, research and implementation. In:“Classical Biological Control of Bemisia tabaci in the USA: A Review of Interagency Research and Implementation” (J. K. Gould, K. Hoelmer and J. Goolsby (eds.), Vol. 4 “Progress in Biological Control” (H. Hokkanen, series editor)pp. 33-69.Springer, Dordrecht.

Kroschel, J. and L. A. Lacey (eds.). 2008. Integrated Pest Management for the Potato Tuber Moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) – a Potato Pest of Global Importance.. Tropical Agriculture 20, Advances in Crop Research 10. Margraf Publishers, Weikersheim, Germany. 147 pp.

Lacey, L.A. and S. P. Arthurs. 2008. An overview of microbial control of the potato tuber moth. In: Integrated Pest Management for the Potato Tuber Moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) – a Potato Pest of Global Importance (J. Kroschel and L. Lacey, eds.). Tropical Agriculture 20, Advances in Crop Research 10. Margraf Publishers, Weikersheim, Germany  . pp. 33-48.

Lacey, L. A. and J. Kroschel. Microbial Control of the Potato Tuber Moth (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Special Year of the potato issue of Fruit, Vegetable, and Cereal, Science and Biotechnology. In press.

Lacey, L. A., J. Kroschel, S. P. Wraight. and M. S. Goettel. An Introduction to Microbial Control of Insect Pests of Potato. Special Year of the potato issue of Fruit, Vegetable, and Cereal, Science and Biotechnology. In press.

Wraight, S. P., L. A. Lacey, J. T. Kabaluk and M. S. Goettel. Potential for microbial biological control of coleopteran and hemipteran pests of potato. Special Year of the potato issue of Fruit, Vegetable, and Cereal, Science and Biotechnology. In press

Receipt of awards based on research

At the Entomological Society of America meeting at Reno, NV, Dr. Lacey was designated as a Fellow of the Society.

Pacific West Area EEO Award, ARS, Certificate of Merit, $1,000 (1999 “For his strong commitment and involvement in EEO and outreach activities, especially in the hiring and training of females and minorities”).

ARS, Certificate of Merit, (1997 “In recognition of completing a multi-faceted 5 year research and service assignment at EBCL in a sustained outstanding manner in all aspects, effective cooperative research with French colleagues, mentoring several M.S. and Ph.D. students, and serving important roles in scientific societies”).

ARS, Certificate of Merit, (1996 “In recognition of outstanding effort toward the implementation of biological control program of the Japanese beetle in the Azores”).

ARS, Certificate of Merit, (1994 “for Initiating and Conducting a Massive Exploration Program for Natural Enemies of the Sweetpotato Whitefly” [Bemisia tabaci], European Biological Control Laboratory, Montpellier, France).

ARS, Certificate of Merit, (1992 “for assisting the Azorean Department of Agriculture in developing a control program for the Japanese beetle”).

OICD, International Honor Award, (1992 for “exemplary and resourceful performance as resident coordinator for the Japanese beetle suppression project, Terceira, Azores, Portugal”).

Entomological Society of America, Outstanding Service as Section C Chair. November, 1998.

Azorean Regional Government, Secretária Regional da Agricultura e Pescas, Certificate of Meritorious Service “Recognizing the meritorious service and outstanding performance of duties while serving as the lead investigator of the Japanese beetle project, Terceira, Açores, Portugal”.

University of California, Riverside Alumni Association, Public Service Award (1995-1996).

Harry Scott Smith Award, Biological Control Division, Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside (1977; outstanding graduate research in biological control).